The most common bacterial cause of diarrheal illness on earth is not spreading by accident. It is spreading because we built it a habitat. That is the finding of a new study out of the Ineos Oxford Institute for antimicrobial research at the University of Oxford, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences under the title “Accelerating Campylobacter zoonosis in the Anthropocene.” Researchers analyzed nearly 2,800 bacterial genomes collected from chickens and wild birds across 30 countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, between 1979 and 2024, and found that the global expansion of chicken farming has created ideal conditions for the bacterium to spread, mix, and pick up new traits that help it survive. The movement of Campylobacter has increased more than 100-fold, with strains that once circulated quietly in wild birds now mixing extensively inside commercial poultry flocks.

The scale is the story. Since the 1960s, global chicken numbers have risen seven-fold to roughly 31 billion birds, and chickens now make up about 70% of all bird biomass on the planet. The researchers describe those dense flocks as ecological “pathogen sponges” that absorb and amplify bacterial strains from multiple sources, and their modeling showed that once a chicken population hits a critical size, wild-bird strains can become self-sustaining in poultry even when they are poorly adapted to the new host. The genetic changes tied to life in a chicken house are exactly the ones you would not want: antimicrobial resistance, oxidative stress tolerance, metal acquisition, and motility.

Senior author Professor Sam Sheppard put it this way:

“Industrial farming has created one of the largest animal habitats on the planet. As chicken populations have grown, bacteria that were once largely confined to wild birds have gained far more opportunities to enter poultry flocks, spread and become established.”

First author Oakem Kyne named the consequence:

“As Campylobacter strains adapt to life in poultry, they can acquire traits that help them survive in challenging environments, including traits linked to antimicrobial resistance.”

None of this is abstract for the people I represent. An earlier Institute study found that 80% of human Campylobacter infections in Oxfordshire traced back to poultry meat, and that many of those infections were already resistant to antibiotics. Campylobacter is the bug behind Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and weeks of illness that people never fully shake. When a resistant strain lands in a child or an elderly patient, the treatment options that once existed simply are not there. The coverage has been broad — The Guardian, Sky News, and The Telegraph all picked it up — and it deserves to be.

We have spent decades treating Campylobacter in chicken as an unavoidable cost of cheap protein, something to be managed at the cutting board rather than prevented at the farm. This study says the production model itself is the driver — that the density and the numbers are not neutral background conditions but an evolutionary engine. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic should read it that way. The alternative is to keep counting the sick and calling it bad luck.

Campylobacter jejuni (pronounced “camp-e-low-back-ter j-june-eye”) is a bacterium that was first recognized as a cause of human gastrointestinal illness in 1975. Since that time, the bacterium has been identified as the most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the U.S., ahead of Salmonella – the second most common cause (MMWR Weekly, 2000, March 17; Tauxe, 1992).

Over 10,000 cases are reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) each year; however, many more cases go undiagnosed or unreported and estimates are that Campylobacter causes approximately 1.5 million cases per year in the United States. Active surveillance for cases indicates that over 20 cases for each 100,000 persons in the population are diagnosed yearly, and 124 deaths are attributed to C. jejuni annually (CDC, 2025). More recent estimates put the total annual cost of campylobacteriosis in the United States at roughly $1.7 billion in medical care and lost productivity (Geissler et al., 2017).   The CDC reported that the incidence of Campylobacter infection has not declined in recent years; through 2023, FoodNet reported that the incidence of campylobacteriosis had increased relative to the 2016–2018 baseline, and it remained the most commonly reported bacterial enteric infection under active surveillance (CDC/FoodNet, 2024).

Campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative, microaerophilic, thermophilic rod that grows best at 42°C (107°F) and low oxygen concentrations. These characteristics are adaptations for growth in its normal habitat – the intestines of warm-blooded birds and mammals. Several closely related species with similar characteristics, C. coli, C. fetus,and C. upsalienis, may also cause disease in man but are responsible for less than one percent of human infections annually (CDC, 2005, October 6).

Food is the most common vehicle for the spread of Campylobacter, and chicken is the most common food implicated. Contamination occurs during animal slaughter and processing when it comes into contact with animal feces. Ingestion of as few as 500 organisms – an amount that can be found in one drop of chicken juice – has been proven to cause human illness (FSIS, 1996; Tauxe, 1992). Despite this low infectious dose and the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in the environment, most cases of Campylobacter infection occur as isolated, sporadic events, and are not usually a part of large outbreaks. But, very large outbreaks (>1,000 illnesses) of campylobacteriosis have been documented, most often from consumption of contaminated milk or unchlorinated water supplies. In recent years, recognized sources have also expanded to include raw (unpasteurized) milk and contact with pet-store puppies carrying multidrug-resistant strains (CDC).

Studies have repeatedly identified Campylobacter on a substantial share of retail chickens, and studies have documented Campylobacter contamination on a high proportion of raw chicken carcasses (FSIS). Any raw poultry – chicken, turkey, duck, goose, game fowl – meat and its juices may contain Campylobacter, including organic and “free range” products. Other identified food vehicles include unpasteurized milk, undercooked meats such as beef, pork, lamb, and livestock offal, and occasionally shellfish, fresh produce, and eggs.

Symptoms of Campylobacter infection

    The illness caused by ingestion of Campylobacter bacteria is called campylobacteriosis. Diarrhea is the most consistent and prominent manifestation of campylobacteriosis, and is often bloody (MMWR, 2000, March 17). Typical symptoms of C. jejuni infection also include fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, and muscle pain. A majority of cases are mild, do not require hospitalization, and may be self-limited; however, Campylobacter jejuni infection can be severe and life-threatening. Death is more common when other diseases (e.g., cancer, liver disease, and immuno-deficiency diseases) are present.

    Children under the age of five and young adults aged 15-29 are the age groups most frequently affected. The incubation period – the time between exposure to the bacterium and the onset of the first symptom – is typically two to five days, but onset may occur as many as 10 days after ingestion (MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 2000, March 17). The illness usually lasts no more than one week; however, severe cases may persist for up to three weeks, and roughly 25% of individuals experience symptom relapse.

    Diagnosis of Campylobacter infection

    Many kinds of infections can cause diarrhea and the other symptoms associated with campylobacteriosis. Doctors can look for bacterial causes of diarrhea by asking a laboratory to culture a sample of stool from an ill person. Microbiology laboratories now routinely perform culture procedures on stool specimens that are specifically designed to promote the growth and identification of Campylobacter jejuni and the other species of Campylobacter. 

    Many persons submit samples for culturing after they have started antibiotics, which may make it even more difficult for a lab to grow Campylobacter. Blood cultures are often not performed and in most cases the blood stream is not infected. Most people recover without antibiotics; when treatment is warranted for severe or high-risk infections, azithromycin or a fluoroquinolone such as ciprofloxacin is commonly used, although fluoroquinolone resistance is now common in the United States (CDC/NARMS).

    Complications of Campylobacter infection

    Long-term consequences can sometimes result from a Campylobacter infection. Some people may develop a rare disease that affects the nerves of the body following campylobacteriosis. This disease is called Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Although rare, it is the most common cause of acute generalized paralysis in the Western world. It begins several weeks after the diarrheal illness in a small percentage of Campylobactervictims. GBS occurs when a person’s immune system makes antibodies against components of Campylobacter and these antibodies attack components of the body’s nerve cells because they are chemically similar to bacterial components (Ang, et al., 2001).

    It is estimated that an estimated 0.2 to 1.7 in every 1,000 reported campylobacteriosis cases lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome (CDC). Campylobacter infection is estimated to precede 5 to 41% of Guillain-Barré syndrome cases (CDC; Rees et al., 1995). Miller Fisher Syndrome is another, related neurological syndrome that can follow campylobacteriosis and is also caused by immunologic mimicry (Ang, et al., 2001).

    Another chronic condition that may be associated with Campylobacter infection is an arthritis called Reactive Arthritis. This is a reactive arthritis that most commonly affects large weight-bearing joints such as the knees and the lower back. It is a complication that is strongly associated with a particular genetic make-up; persons who have the human lymphocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) are most susceptible.

    Campylobacter may also cause appendicitis or infect the abdominal cavity (peritonitis), the heart (carditis), the central nervous system (meningitis), the gallbladder (cholecystitis) the urinary tract, and the blood stream.

    Preventing Campylobacter infection

    The single most important and reliable step to preventing Campylobacter infection is to adequately cook all poultry products. Make sure that the thickest part of the bird (the center of the breast) reaches 180 degrees F or higher. It is recommended that the temperature reaches at least 165 degrees F for stuffing and 170 degrees F for ground poultry products, and that thighs and wings be cooked until juices run clear. Do not cook stuffing inside the bird.

    Transport meat and poultry home from the market in the coolest part of the vehicle (generally the trunk in winter and cab in summer). Defrost meat and poultry in the refrigerator. Place the item on a low shelf, on a wide pan, lined with paper towel; ensure that drippings do not land on foods below. If there is not enough time to defrost in the refrigerator, use the microwave.

    Rapidly cool leftovers. Never leave food out at room temperature (either during preparation or after cooking) for more than 2 hours.

    Avoid raw milk products.

    Wash fruits and vegetables carefully, particularly if they are eaten raw. If possible, vegetables and fruits should be peeled.

    Wash hands thoroughly using soap and water, concentrate on fingertips and nail creases, and dry completely with a disposable paper towel after contact with pets, especially puppies, or farm animals; before and after preparing food, especially poultry; and after changing diapers or having contact with an individual with an intestinal infection. Children should wash their hands on arrival home from school or daycare.

    Tallahassee, Fla.— The Florida Department of Health is providing an update on raw milk availability in the Northeast and Central Florida regions.

    What is Raw Milk

    Raw milk is milk from cows, sheep, goats, or other animals that has not been pasteurized, a heat-treating process that destroys potentially harmful bacteria. Consumers have reported benefits of raw milk consumption, including better taste and protective effects for asthma and allergies.

    In Florida, raw milk can only be sold for non-human consumption as pet or animal food, which limits oversight of sanitary practices. Containers must have a label clearly stating that the raw milk is for animal consumption only.

    Floridians should be aware of potential risks associated with consumption, which may vary depending on the source of milk. The producer’s handling of raw milk and milking procedures are vital in prevention of contamination. Many people consume raw milk safely. However, raw milk can contain disease-causing bacteria, such as Campylobacter, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Listeria, Salmonella, and others. These bacteria can cause gastrointestinal illness, including diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps.

    Information on the Consumption of Raw Milk in the Northeast/Central Florida Region

    Due to continued recent severe cases of Campylobacter and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infections linked to Keely Farms Dairy, located in New Smyrna Beach, FL (Volusia County), the Florida Department of Health is providing information to assist Floridians in making informed decisions about their health. Sanitation practices in this farm are of concern due to the number of cases. There have been 21 cases since January 24, including six children under the age of 10, and seven hospitalizations linked to consumption of raw milk from this farm. Severe complications have been reported in at least two cases.

    The Florida Department of Health will continue working with Keely Farms Dairy to ensure that effective sanitation practices are implemented consistently across every batch. 

    STEC bacteria in its most severe form can result in hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) which is characterized by hemolysis and kidney failure, which is of particular concern for children. Groups at higher risk for severe illness include infants and young children, pregnant women, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.

    Statement form Keely Farms Dairy:

    Keely Farms Dairy has not been informed of any immediate investigation by the Florida Department of Health and will reach out to their agency. We were not contacted by the Department of Health prior to or regarding their statement this morning. The Florida Department of Health has not informed Keely Farms of any investigation or administrative action. The Department of Health has not indicated to Keely Farms that it committed any wrongdoing, so its press release has blindsided us.

    The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture warns consumers to immediately discard Meadow View Jerseys brand raw milk purchased since April 1, 2025, with sell-by dates between April 15 and July 8, 2025. Milk samples were tested and confirmed to be contaminated with Campylobacter after patients reported symptoms of campylobacteriosis after having consumed the products.

    Milk was sold in glass half-gallon, and plastic half-gallon and gallon containers. Milk was sold at the farm’s store in Leola and a number of retail stores in southcentral Pennsylvania.

    Campylobacteriosis is most common in children, though people of all ages can be affected. Symptoms include mild to severe diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain and cramping. The onset of illness most often begins two to five days after exposure. Though rare, Campylobacter can spread to the bloodstream and cause life threatening infection for those persons with compromised immune systems.

    The farm contacted wholesalers that distributed the milk, but the department could not obtain a list of customers who purchased it.

    A current list of Meadow View Jerseys Dairy distributors was not available, but milk with the farm’s label was available in the following locations in 2024:

    Berks County

    Weaver Orchard, 40 Fruit Lane, Morgantown, PA 19543

    Dauphin County

    Soil & Soul Farm, 2405 Colebrook Road, Middletown, PA 17057

    Lancaster County

    Meadow View Jerseys Retail Farm Store, 172 South Farmersville Road, Leola, PA 17540

    Bird in Hand Farm Supply, 2805 Old Philadelphia Pike, Bird in Hand, PA 17505

    Ebenezer Groceries, 465 North Reading Road, Ephrata, PA 17522

    Everest Indian Grocery Store, 1621 Columbia Ave., Lancaster, PA 17603

    Forry’s Country Store, 820 Ivy Drive Lancaster, PA 17601

    Hilltop Acres, 347 Rife Run Road, Manheim, PA 17545

    Meck’s Produce, 1955 Beaver Valley Pike, Strasburg, PA 17579

    Sensenig Poultry, 843 Furnace Hill Road, Lititz, PA 17543

    The Country Store 3140, Mount Joy Road, Mount Joy PA 17552

    Union Mill Acres, 7557 Elizabethtown, Road Elizabethtown, PA 17022

    Willow Creek Grocery, 30 Willow Street, Reinholds, PA 17569

    Lebanon County

    Country View Grocery, 1941 Horseshoe Pike, Annville, PA 17003

    Raw whole cow milk produced and packaged by Schoch Family Farmstead, Inc. of Monterey County is the subject of a statewide recall and quarantine order announced by California State Veterinarian Dr. Annette Jones.  

    The quarantine order came following the confirmed detection of the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni in the farm’s packaged raw whole milk sampled and tested by the California Department of Food and Agriculture. 

    The order applies to “Schoch Family Farmstead Grade A Raw Milk” distributed in half-gallon (64 oz) glass jugs with a code date “BEST BY 01/24” marked with a sticker on the cap.

    Consumers are strongly urged to dispose of any product remaining in their refrigerators, and retailers are to pull the product immediately from their shelves. The current order does not include other lots or products from Schoch Family Farmstead.

    CDFA found the campylobacter bacteria in a routine sample collected at the Schoch Family Farmstead packaging facility. 

    Symptoms of campylobacteriosis include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. Most people with camplylobacteriosis recover completely. Illness usually occurs 2 to 5 days after exposure to campylobacter and lasts about a week. The illness is usually mild and some people with campylobacteriosis have no symptoms at all. However, in some persons with compromised immune systems, it can cause a serious, life-threatening infection. A small percentage of people may have joint pain and swelling after infection. In addition, a rare disease called Guillian-Barre syndrome that causes weakness and paralysis can occur several weeks after the initial illness. Pasteurization of milk effectively kills this as well as many other bacteria or viruses that may occasionally be found in raw milk. 

    Idaho Public Health officials are investigating recent reports of 18 people who recently experienced symptoms of, and tested positive for, Campylobacter, and who also reported purchasing and drinking unpasteurized (raw) milk from Paradise Grove Dairy. The Idaho Division of Public Health is collaborating with Central District Health (CDH), Eastern Idaho Public Health (EIPH), and Idaho State Department of Agriculture (ISDA) in the ongoing investigation.

    Since July 24, 18 people tested positive for campylobacteriosis, a bacterial infection. All 18 reported drinking raw milk, and 17 reported drinking raw milk produced by Paradise Grove Dairy in Jefferson County prior to getting sick. Paradise Grove Dairy distributes milk to numerous stores across southern Idaho. CDH and EIPH are conducting interviews with sick people.

    Paradise Grove Dairy voluntarily stopped production Aug. 2, inspected and repaired equipment, and increased the frequency of milk testing, before resuming production Aug. 12. Anyone who bought raw milk produced by Paradise Grove Dairy from July 19 through Aug. 2 should stop drinking it and discard it immediately. Paradise Grove Dairy also reminded consumers to make sure they keep milk cold when taking it home from the store.

    People at higher risk of severe illness after consuming raw dairy products include young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. People in these groups are encouraged to consume pasteurized dairy products.

    Common symptoms of campylobacteriosis infection include diarrhea (often bloody), fever, stomach cramps, nausea and/or vomiting. Symptoms usually start two to five days after exposure and last about one week. Some people may develop complications that last longer. If you are experiencing similar symptoms after consuming raw milk or raw milk products from Paradise Grove Dairy, seek medical attention.

    Audience

    • Restaurants and food retailers in California (CA), Connecticut (CT), Delaware (DE), Florida (FL) Maine (ME), Maryland (MD), Massachusetts (MA), Michigan (MI), Nevada (NV), New Hampshire (NH), New Jersey (NJ), New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), Vermont (VT), and Ontario, Canada that have recently purchased recalled Recompense Cove, Freeport, Maine oysters harvested between 6/19/2024 and 7/16/2024 from harvest areas CAS RC2 and CAS RCX.
    • Consumers in CA, CT, DE, FL, MA, MD, ME, MI, NH, NJ, NV, NY, PA, VT, and Ontario, Canada who have recently purchased recalled Recompense Cove, Freeport, ME oysters harvested between 6/19/2024 and 7/16/2024 from harvest areas CAS RC2 and CAS RCX.

    Product

    • American/Eastern Oysters from Recompense Cove, Freeport, ME harvested between 6/19/2024 and 7/16/2024 from harvest areas CAS RC2 and CAS RCX. The oysters were distributed to restaurants and retailers in CA, CT, DE, FL, MA, MD, ME, MI, NH, NJ, NV, NY, PA, VT, and Ontario, Canada and may have been distributed to other states as well.

    The following photo is included as an example shellfish tag that would be attached to containers for reference. The Harvest Date and Harvest Area fields would include the specific dates and harvest areas identified in the recall information as mentioned above.

    Purpose

    The FDA is advising restaurants and food retailers not to serve or sell and to dispose of oysters and consumers not to eat recalled Recompense Cove, Freeport, ME oysters harvested between 6/19/2024 and 7/16/2024 from harvest sites CAS RC2 and CAS RCX and shipped to distributors in CA, CT, DE, FL, MA, MD, ME, MI, NH, NJ, NV, NY, PA, VT, and Ontario, Canada because they may be contaminated with Campylobacter bacteria. Oysters may have been distributed to other states, as well.

    Oysters contaminated with Campylobacter bacteria can cause illness if eaten raw, and potentially life-threatening illness in people with compromised immune systems. Food containing Campylobacter bacteria may look, smell, and taste normal. Consumers of these products who are experiencing symptoms of illness should contact their healthcare provider and report their symptoms to their local Health Department.

    Symptoms of Campylobacter Illness

    People with Campylobacter spp. illness usually have diarrhea (often bloody), fever, and stomach cramps. Nausea and vomiting may accompany the diarrhea. These symptoms usually start 2 to 5 days after the person ingests Campylobacter bacteria and last about one week.

    Sometimes Campylobacter illness causes complications, such as irritable bowel syndrome, temporary paralysis, and arthritis.

    In people with weakened immune systems, such as those with a blood disorder, with AIDS, or receiving chemotherapy, Campylobacter bacteria occasionally spread to the bloodstream and cause a life-threatening infection.

    Summary of Problem and Scope

    On 7/11/2023, the Maine Department of Marine Resources (ME DMR) notified the FDA of an outbreak of Campylobacter illnesses associated with the consumption of certain oysters from Recompense Cove, Freeport, ME. The ME DMR closed the CAS RC2 and CAS RCX harvest areas on 7/11/2024, recalled the oystersExternal Link Disclaimer harvested from those areas between 6/19/2024 and 7/16/2024, and notified receiving states of the recall. The oysters were distributed to CA, CT, DE, FL, MA, MD, ME, MI, NH, NJ, NV, NY, PA, VT, and Ontario, Canada and may have been distributed to other states, as well.

    FDA Actions

    The FDA is issuing this alert advising restaurants and food retailers not to serve or sell and consumers not to eat the recalled Recompense Cove, Freeport, ME oysters harvested between 6/19/2024 and 7/16/2024 from harvest sites CAS RC2 and CAS RCX and shipped to distributors in CA, CT, DE, FL, MA, MD, ME, MI, NH, NJ, NV, NY, PA, VT, and Ontario, Canada due to potential Campylobacter bacteria contamination. These oysters have been associated with a Campylobacter illness outbreak in ME. The FDA is in communication with ME and other states on distribution of the oysters and will continue to monitor the investigation and help state authorities as needed. As new information becomes available, the FDA will update the safety alert.

    Recommendations for Restaurants and Retailers

    Restaurants and retailers should not serve or sell the potentially contaminated oysters. Restaurants and retailers should dispose of any recalled products by throwing them in the garbage or returning them to their distributor for destruction.

    Restaurants and retailers should also be aware that shellfish may be a source of pathogens and should control the potential for cross-contamination of food processing equipment and the food processing environment. They should follow the steps below:

    • Wash hands with warm water and soap following the cleaning and sanitation process.
    • Retailers, restaurants, and other food service operators who have processed and packaged any potentially contaminated products need to be concerned about cross-contamination of cutting surfaces and utensils through contact with the potentially contaminated products.
    • Retailers that have sold bulk product should clean and sanitize the containers used to hold the product.
    • Regular frequent cleaning and sanitizing of food contact surfaces and utensils used in food preparation may help to minimize the likelihood of cross-contamination.

    Recommendations for Consumers

    Consumers should not eat the potentially contaminated oysters. Consumers who have symptoms should contact their health care provider to report their symptoms and receive care.

    Campylobacter1

    The Pennsylvania Departments of Agriculture and Health warn consumers that raw milk sold under the Pure Pastures Dairy label may be contaminated.

    The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture tested samples of the raw milk sold by Apple Valley Creamery, which tested positive for Campylobacter. The Department of Health reports that one person who drank the milk became sick with campylobacteriosis.

    The departments recommend that consumers immediately throw out raw milk with sell-by dates of April 3 through May 3.

    Officials said that milk can become contaminated with harmful bacteria, such as Campylobacter if a cow has an udder infection or manure contamination during milking or storage. Pasteurization of milk effectively eliminates these health threats. 

    The Department of Agriculture says the bacteria Campylobacter is unrelated to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). Pennsylvania continues its monitoring program for bird flu in poultry and has not detected the virus in any dairy cattle.

    The Apple Valley Creamery Pure Pastures Dairy milk was sold in quart and half-gallon glass containers at the following locations:

    Adams County:

    • Apple Valley Creamery, 541 Germany Rd, East Berlin
    • Butcher Block Premium Meats & Seafood, 3055 Biglerville Rd, Biglerville
    • D&S Produce, 888 Bushey School Rd, York Springs
    • Etheric Connections Crystal Shop & Natural Food Store, 1863 Gettysburg Village Dr, Suite 830, Gettysburg
    • Gateau Monique, 5 S Queen St, Littlestown
    • Good Keeper Farm, 250 Old State Rd, Gardners
    • Harvest Barn Country Market, 1924 York Rd, Gettysburg
    • Homegrown Marketplace, Fairfield
    • Taylor’s Greenhouse, 265 Fairgrounds Rd, Biglerville

    Berks County:

    • The Deli Station, 845 Woodland Rd, Wyomissing
    • Goose Lane Egg Farm, 111 Goose Ln, Sinking Spring

    Chester County:

    • September Farm, 5287 Horseshoe Pike, Honey Brook

    Columbia County:

    • Millville Farm Market & Creamery, 650 N State St, Millville

    Cumberland County:

    • Basehore Farm Market, 6080 Creekview Rd, Mechanicsburg
    • Oak Grove Farms, 846 Fisher Rd, Mechanicsburg
    • Rowan Tree Farm, 126 S Locust Point Rd, Mechanicsburg
    • Wenger Meats & Ice, 511 E Louther St, Carlisle
    • Union Mill Acres @ West Shore Farmer’s Market, 900 Market St, Lemoyne

    Dauphin County:

    • Radish & Rye Food Hub, 1308 N 3rd St, Harrisburg
    • Strites’ Orchard Farm Market & Bakery, 1000 Strites Rd, Harrisburg

    Perry County:

    • Butcher’s Farm Market, 590 N 4th St, Newport
    • Daimler’s Butcher Shop, 633 Numer Rd, Newport

    Lancaster County:

    • Lemon Street Market, 241 W Lemon St, Lancaster

    Lehigh County:

    • Cow Belle Home Delivery, Bethlehem

    Northampton County:

    • Easton Public Market & Highmark Farmstand, 325 Northampton St, Easton
    • Johnsonville Farm & Garden, 154 Johnsonville Rd, Bangor

    Union County:

    • Lewisburg Pharmacy, 50 N Second St, Lewisburg

    York County:

    • Eden Garden Farm Market & Orchard, 810 Franklin Church Rd, Dillsburg
    • Mad Radish Farm, 1991 George St, Dover
    • Main Street Market, 12 Main St, Glen Rock
    • The Markets at Hanover, 1649 Broadway, Hanover
    • Trailside Bulk Foods @ Markets of Shrewsbury, 12025 Susquehanna Trl, Glen Rock
    • Miller’s Country Market, 1140 Abbotstown Pike, Hanover
    • Rowan Tree Farm @ Central Market York, 34 W Philadelphia St, York
    • Sonnewald Natural Foods, 4796 Lehman Rd, Spring Grove
    • Warrington Farm Meats, 156 Old Cabin Hollow Rd, Dillsburg
    • Wholly Holistic, 1150 Carlisle St, Ste 8, Hanover

    About campylobacter infections

    According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, outbreaks have been associated with unpasteurized dairy products, contaminated water, poultry, and produce. People also can become infected from contact with dog or cat feces. Person-to-person spread of Campylobacter is uncommon.

    Many people recover in a week, but Campylobacter infection can have long-term consequences, such as arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

    Azithromycin and fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, are commonly used for treatment, but resistance to fluoroquinolones is common.

    Campylobacter infection symptoms usually begin two to five days after exposure and are characterized by diarrhea (frequently bloody), abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and sometimes vomiting. More severe illnesses can occur, including bloodstream infection and symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis or ulcerative colitis.

    The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture warns consumers to immediately discard all Conoco View Dairy raw milk sold in Cumberland, Juniata, Perry, Snyder, and York Counties, or delivered direct to homes or drop-off points in Cumberland, Dauphin, Juniata, and Perry Counties. The Department ran tests after 11 reports of campylobacteriosis illnesses in December and January and confirmed Campylobacter contamination in the dairy’s products.

    While the source of the bacteria is clear, every specific production date could not be pinpointed. All products, including those in consumers’ freezers, should be discarded.

    Conoco View Dairy raw milk was sold in plastic pints, quart, and gallons, as well as glass quarts. Products were sold at the dairy’s retail outlet at 410 Clarks Run Road in Blain, Perry County and the retail locations below. The dairy also delivers their products directly to homes in Dauphin, Perry, and Juniata County and at drop-off points in Harrisburg, Carlisle, Enola, and Mechanicsburg. 

    Cumberland County

    Maple Lane Farm, Carlisle

    Spring Garden Greenhouse Carlisle

    Juniata County

    Pallet Grocery, McAlisterville

    Perry County 

    Blain Market, Blain

    Leids Market, Loysville 

    Lighthouse Health Foods, Newport

    Skyline Bargains, Newport

    Snyder County

    Whispering Pines Fruit Farm, Mount Pleasant Mills

    York County

    Castle Creek, Dillsburg

    People with Campylobacter infections usually have diarrhea which is often bloody, fever, and stomach cramps, and may have nausea and vomiting. Symptoms usually start two to five days after infection and last about one week. Anyone who consumed the milk should consult their physicians if they become ill. 

    Information about drinking raw milkOpens In A New Window can be found on the Centers for Disease Control website.

    The FDA has warned about certain oysters harvested in Canada and sold in the United States because two people have become infected with Campylobacter jejuni.

    On Dec. 18, the Utah Shellfish Authority notified the Food and Drug Administration of two cases of Campylobacter connected to consumption of oysters from British Columbia, Canada. The FDA has notified the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) of the illnesses, and the CFIA is investigating.  The two patients consumed oysters in Utah and Wisconsin, and the FDA is coordinating with the CFIA and state authorities to determine if any additional distribution occurred.

    The FDA is awaiting further information from the CFIA on the distribution of the oysters and will continue to monitor the investigation and help state authorities as needed.

    The FDA is advising restaurants and food retailers not to serve or sell and to dispose of oysters and consumers not to eat oysters from Pacific Oyster Fanny Bay, harvested on Nov. 8 from harvest area BC 14- 8 with Landfile # 1402294 and Oyster Malaspina Live, harvested on Nov. 9 from harvest area BC 14-8 with Landfile # 278761 and shipped to distributors in Utah and Wisconsin.

    Oysters contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni can cause illness if eaten raw and potentially life-threatening illness in people with compromised immune systems. Food containing Campylobacter jejuni may look, smell, and taste normal. Consumers of these products experiencing symptoms of illness should contact their healthcare provider and report their symptoms to their local Health Department.

    People with Campylobacter infection usually have diarrhea (often bloody), fever, and stomach cramps. Nausea and vomiting may accompany the diarrhea. These symptoms usually start 2 to 5 days after the person ingests Campylobacter and last about one week.

    Sometimes, Campylobacter infections cause complications, such as irritable bowel syndrome, temporary paralysis, and arthritis.

    In people with weakened immune systems, such as those with a blood disorder, with AIDS, or receiving chemotherapy, Campylobacter occasionally spreads to the bloodstream and causes a life-threatening infection.